How to Market and Exhibit Properly

Graeme Jenner, Integral Marketing Ltd – UK

Most USA Electronic/Electrical Exhibitions are declining year after year.  Old habits need to change and a new mode of  thought  is required.  There is far more to exhibiting than just turning up and putting your wares on display.  Come and learn how to exhibit.

A Novel Economical Indigenously Made Partial Discharge Detection and Location System-“Briefcase”

Rekha Shertukde, University of Hartford - USA

Over the past twelve years the authors have worked towards perfecting a partial discharge (PD) detection and location system, which is both novel and economical. Guided by the US patent # 6,178,386 and co-invented by the first author and licensed by his employer to the small business in Simsbury, CT, the PD detection and location system is indigenously made by the employer of the second author and sold worldwide to reputed transformer manufacturers and utilities.

The system consists of an efficient hardware system efficiently supported by a state-of-the-art algorithmic approach that accounts for the largest transformer tank size without losing the physical attributes of the signals generated by the PD sources in a multi point failure conditions.

Several case studies will be presented to prove the efficacy of this system involving different kinds of transformers from shell-type to core-type, from low-voltage distribution transformers to high voltage sub-station transformers to GSUs and mobile transformers. All transformers tested have shown a PD location index of the Briefcase to have a large sensitivity factor (0.95-0.98) and a high specificity factor of (0.94-0.96). These numbers enable the suitability of this system for extra high voltage application transformers, (generally 525 kV and above) where the PD levels are critical and stringent due to the different progressive standards like, IEEE, IEC etc. This system is now used in fifteen different countries worldwide at more than one hundred sites. More than 200 large power transformers (100 MVA and above) have been tested using this system with very encouraging and dependable results for detection and location of partial discharges without using any conventional electrical triggering systems and also with the transformers in service and without necessitating an electrical outage.

Vacuum Process, preparing, metering & dispensing cast resin under Vacuum

Dieter Wingel, Scheugenpflug A/G – Germany

Inductive, coiled wire components are often used in harsh environments and are exposed to high temperature changes. Therefore they need to have a high mechanical resistance against vibrations and need to be protected against humidity. A very important specification is always the high-voltage insulation when used in expensive electronical devices.

To cope with all these requirements a high-quality state-of-art coiled wire component has to be encapsulated in appropriate formulated cast resin material. Of course, simply pouring potting material over a coil will not give the expected results; as for many reasons the resins are filled with solid materials and show a fairly high viscosity, they will not enter in the tiny gaps between the wires and the coil will not be soaked completely with material – even worse, air is trapped in the coil and finally lowers the high-voltage resistance and leads to cracks and mechanical damage of the component through thermal and mechanical stress.

To ensure an absolutely air bubble free penetration of wire coils, the material preparation, feeding and potting process must be performed in a vacuum environment.

Advantages of vacuum aided potting of inductive, coiled wire products:

Optimal homogenized, degassed and absolutely air bubble free material, protected from all environmental influences.  No trapped air in the coils, no air bubbles or voids included in the product.  Highest possible high-voltage insulation.  Excellent mechanical protection and thermal management.  Outstanding product quality, high customer value for low production costs.  Most competitive price / performance ratio –easy customer acquisition and retention.

On the synchronous generator parameters calculation based on IEEE standards using simulations based on the Matlab/Simulink/Simpowersystems software

Ernesto Ruppert Filho and J. C. P. Suni, State of Compinas University-Brazil

Synchronous generators are responsible for a very large part of the electromechanical energy conversion in the hole world today operating with hydraulic turbines, steam turbines, gas turbines and wind turbines. The synchronous generator mathematical dynamic modeling and the synchronous generator parameters determination are assuming  important role  in the field of the electrical energy system dynamics and control so that these subjects are being studied since the beginning of the 20^th century and important associations in the USA and Europe like IEEE, NEMA, IEC and others prepared specific standards about those subjects.

This paper intends to show the techniques do determine the synchronous generator parameter values through simulation using the software Matlab/Simulink and the library Simpowersystems. showing important details constrasting the mathematical modeling with the parameters characterization and the definitions of the several reactances  and time constants, frequently utilized today to characterize the electric energy system dynamics.

In the paper the results of the simulated no load sudden short-circuit test at full and reduced voltage as well as the rated or partial load rejection test, performed through simulation will be shown and discussed under the subject of how to determine the transient and sub-transient reactances and also the respective time constants. Simulation results will be presented in this paper for a round rotor synchronous generator (steam turbine type ou turbogenerator) with one direct axis amortisseur winding and two quadrature amortisseur windings. The importance of the use of the q-axis parameters in the dynamic mathematical model will be shown and the difficult on their identification will be also discussed. The saturation effect will be included in the analysis when necessary.

Besides to be a scientific and technologic paper it presents a didactic content whose subject is to show to the students and to the ´personnel enrolled with the task of perform tests to identify synchronous generator parameters how to understand the standards like IEEE 115 – 1995, IEEE 1110 – 2002 and IEC 60034-4 – 1985 and learn how to implement those tests in order to get good results.

VRP products made by VIP technique for SF6 High Voltage Apparatus

Zou Ning, Shanghai ZhengAn Electrical material Technology Co-China

With increasing of the voltage grade for transmitting and distributing electricity, the capacity of the high voltage apparatus are intending larger and larger, It’s volume are required more smaller with high reliablity. This paper presents a new VIP (Vacuum Impregration Pressure) technique to make VRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastic) insulating products to be used for SF6 breaker and high voltage switch. The testing data shows it’s excellent electrical and mechenical performance and the operation in the electrical web proves that it has high reliability.  

Testing of Electrical Insulation Systems

Brandy LaBanca – Intro, Spectrum, MC function, Nathan Magee – EIS, Linda Love – Differences, Rebecca Butricks – CCT
Eltek Laboratories-USA

Topics

 Spectrum of testing

Fit domestic and international standards
Thermal classification – history & present
Voltage ratings
Temperature classes
Type of windings
Rotating machinery / transformers
 

EIS level of testing

Difference between and EIM and a non-EIM in an end product

 Differences

Criteria
End points
Length of time to establish a rating
RTI differences for plastics vs all others
 

CCT how these work and to set them up

Non-oriented electrical steel for high performance electrical machines

S C Paolinelli, ArcelorMittal Inox-Brazil

In the chain of electrical energy generation, conversion, distribution and utilization, non-oriented electrical steels play an important role. Energy saving can be obtained by increasing efficiency of electrical machinery by using low core loss grades. In the other hand, the use of high magnetic induction grades can reduce machine size and can reduce losses due to Joule effect. Then, the use of non-oriented grades that present low core loss and high permeability simultaneously can result in high performance machines with wide operational ranges.

In consonance with energy conservation world programs, ArcelorMittal has developed non-oriented grades that presented low core loss and high magnetic induction. New generation grades are proper for all kind of electrical machinery: hermetic compressors, lamp ballasts, small transformers, motors, generators, traction motors for hybrid cars, etc.

This work presents a characterization of the grades produced by ArcelorMittal, the proper applications for each one and what are the advantages in comparison with the use of conventional grades. In addition it presents what is coming in a near future in terms of new non-oriented electrical steels products.

Magnetic Material Optimization for Hybrid Vehicle Permanent Magnet Motor Design

Ir Sigrid Jacobs, ArcelorMittal, Belgium and Dr Ir François Henrotte (Institut für Elektrische Maschinen - Aachen).
 

Electrical machine design is the conjunction of various, and sometimes contradictory objectives, e.g. maximizing the machine's total efficiency (ratio of the total power to the input power) and maximizing the torque/weight ratio. From the point of view of a steel producer, maximizing steel efficiency, defined as the ratio of the mechanical power to the sum of the mechanical power and the iron losses, seems to be a legitimate objective as well.

However, whereas iron losses increase with frequency and current, finite element simulations carried out on a PMSM machine (steel efficiency is a machine-related quantity) show that the steel efficiency decreases when the frequency increases but increases with the current (actually, the mechanical power increases faster than iron losses). Steel efficiency reaches its maximum in an operation range (low frequency, high currents) where the overall efficiency of the machine is very bad. The two objectives (maximizing total efficiency and maximizing steel efficiency) are thus contradictory; they have nearly opposite gradients in the operation space and the question arises which trade off will yield the optimum motor design.

Clearly the overall efficiency must remain the deciding factor, but still there is a potential for energy saving and efficiency improvement through an optimum choice of magnetic material. The purpose of this communication is to formalize this problem, which is important to steel prducers, not only for helping customers selecting the most appropriate grade for their application but also for defining the strategic orientation of their own research.

Our study has shown that the question can actually not be solved on basis of material considerations only. The optimum material is the one that offers minimum losses under typical operation of the machine. It is therefore a constrained optimisation problem, where the constraint is application dependent, which makes it necessary to incorporate information about the application (provided by the customer) in the material analysis. In the case of PMSM drives for hybrid vehicles, one can rely on standard driving cycles. We have developped a method allowing to combine efficiently the material information (loss and sturation curves) with statistical drive cycles and a finite element model of the PMSM.

The method involves an accurate computation of all losses, a breakdown into its different components (Joule, eddy current, hysteresis), as well as estimation of the influence of higher harmonics and rotational hysteresis. The coupling of the finite element model with the statistical drive cycle analysis is rendered tractable in terms of computation time by the extraction of histograms of peak induction in the machine.

New Horizons in ElectroMagnetic Simulations

Chad Ghalamzan, Infolytica Corp-Canada

Electromagnetic simulations tools are integral to the design, development and analysis of a wide variety of systems including electric machines and generators.  Recent advances in design algorithms and computational powers are now paving the way to implemented integrated design processes which would not have been possible only a decade ago.  In this presentation, we will discuss some of the newest technologies and tools which have been developed in the recent past that are making this possible.  This will include discussions and demonstrations of multi-core computing, multi-physics simulations, automated template and primitive based model building, state-of-the-art post processing methods including iron loss computations, multiple degrees of freedom motion modeling, model management, parameterization and scripting capabilities of modern EM software.  These will be discussed and illustrated using practical examples of transformers, motors and alternators.   

A New Design for Induction  Water Heating Apparatus

Yu Gao, Chonbuk National University - South Korea

Because of the high efficiency, fast heating rate and low pollution properties, the induction heating is widely used not only in the industrial fields but also in the home appliances. The preliminary design of an induction water heater is proposed in this paper and compared to traditional water heating systems such as resistance heating and gas heating, the main advantages of induction water heating are high efficiency, low energy consumption and more safety. A tube formed of stainless steel is provided as a heating element, which is accommodated in an insulated container. The thickness of the tube should be larger than the penetration depth. Then, low frequency AC has been transferred to high frequency signal at  and flows through the multi-turn coil which surrounds the container closely. Eddy currents are induced in the tube and produce heat by the Joule effect. As a result, the water flowing through the container is heated by the tube and the separation of electricity from water is realized. The optimal heating process problem has also been considered in this paper and based on the simulation results, it is improved that the induction water heater is feasible to satisfy the minimum water requirement.

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